The Intrauterine Device (IUD)

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-acting, reversible, and effective method of birth control. This method, widely preferred by women, offers a more permanent and easy-to-use option compared to other methods such as birth control pills or condoms. This article will discuss what an IUD is, how it works, its types, advantages, and disadvantages.

What is an Intrauterine Device (IUD)?

An IUD is a small, "T"-shaped device placed inside the uterus. The primary purpose of an IUD is to prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from fertilizing the egg. It provides long-term birth control, and fertility returns quickly after removal.

How Does an IUD Work?

The mechanism by which an IUD prevents pregnancy varies depending on its type:

• Copper IUD: Copper creates a toxic environment for sperm, preventing them from reaching and fertilizing the egg. Copper IUDs are typically effective for 10 years or longer.
• Hormonal IUD: These IUDs release a hormone called levonorgestrel. This hormone thins the uterine lining and thickens cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to pass through. It may also suppress ovulation. Hormonal IUDs are generally effective for 3-5 years.

Types of IUDs

• Copper IUD (ParaGard): It is hormone-free and provides long-term protection. It is generally considered effective for up to 10 years.
• Hormonal IUD (Mirena, Kyleena, Skyla, Liletta): These types release hormones over a certain period and have effectiveness durations ranging from 3 to 5 years.