Pregnancy Protection

Contraception includes methods used to prevent unwanted pregnancies and ensure family planning. Birth control methods help couples control the timing and number of children they have. This article will discuss the types of contraception, their effects, and how they are used.

Types of Contraception

Contraceptive methods are divided into four main categories: hormonal, barrier, natural, and surgical. Each method has its own unique advantages and disadvantages.

Hormonal Methods

Hormonal methods prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation in women or by altering the lining of the uterus. These methods include:

• Birth Control Pills: Taken daily, these pills contain estrogen and progesterone hormones. They must be used consistently to be effective.
• Hormonal IUD (Intrauterine Device): A small device inserted into the uterus releases a low dose of progesterone. It is effective for 3-5 years.
• Injections: Progesterone injections given every 3 months prevent pregnancy.
• Subdermal Implants: A small rod placed under the skin in the upper arm continuously releases hormones for 3 years.
• Vaginal Ring: Inserted into the vagina, the ring releases hormones for 3 weeks, followed by a 1-week break.

Barrier Methods

Barrier methods prevent sperm from reaching the uterus, thereby preventing pregnancy. These methods include:

• Condom: Available for both men and women, condoms block sperm during sexual intercourse.
• Diaphragm: A diaphragm placed over the cervix blocks sperm from entering the uterus. It is used with a spermicide cream before use.
• Cervical Cap: The cervical cap covers the cervix and prevents sperm from passing through.

Natural Methods

Natural methods aim to prevent pregnancy by monitoring body signals and abstaining from intercourse during specific periods. These methods include:

• Calendar Method: By tracking the menstrual cycle, a woman can avoid intercourse during fertile days (ovulation period).
• Basal Body Temperature Method: By tracking basal body temperature, a woman can determine the ovulation period and avoid intercourse during this time.
• Cervical Mucus Method: By observing the consistency of cervical mucus, a woman can determine the ovulation period and avoid intercourse during this time.